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GENERAL STYLE 


FOR 

DOCUMENT WORK, 

FOR THE 

GUIDANCE OF COMPOSITORS AND PROOF-READERS 

IN THE 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 


Prepared under the direction of 

THE PUBLIC PRINTER. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
1894 . 















GENERAL STYLE 


fi~ot 


FOR 


DOCUMENT 

WORK, 

FOR THE 



GUIDANCE OF COMPOSITORS AND PROOF-READERS 

IN THE 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

Prepared under the direction of 

THE PUBLIC PRINTER. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

1894 . 





# 


V 


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00 

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0 

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0 0 • « 0 
0 0 ° 0 
0 0 • 0 0 


0 

0 

0 


0 0 0 


000 0 0 000 
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CONTENTS. 


Orthography. 

Abbreviations. 

Capitalization. 

Compounding. 

Court work. 

Use of figures. 

Follow—Follow lit 
Geographic names .. 

Italics. 

Tabular work. 

General testimony . 
Miscellaneous. 


Page. 
5 
5,6 
6-8 
8,9 
9-11 
11,12 
12 
12 
12,13 
13-15 
15 
15,16 


3 


















GENERAL STYLE FOR DOCUMENT WORK. GOVERNMENT 

PRINTING OFFICE. 

(Adopted January 1, 1§94.) 


ORTHOGRAPHY. 

1. Follow Webster's International Dictionary in the spelling and division 
of words. 

2. Spell draft, drafting, draftsman, etc., with/Z instead of tight; m^nila 
(city and product) with one Z; canyon with a y; embed with an e. 

But see paragraphs 1 and 2, Follow and Fol. lit. 

3. Omit the dieresis in all such words as reexamine, cooperation, etc. 

4. In general the preferred spellings of Lippincott's Gazetteer for geo¬ 
graphic names will be followed when not specified in the bulletins of the 
Board on Geographic Names. 

ABBREVIATIONS. 

1. Use the Postal Guide contractions for States and Territories (except¬ 
ing Oregon, for which use Oreg.) after the name of a fort, barracks, arsenal, 
post-office, or county, and Indian reservation or agency, as: Albany, N. Y.; 
Hudson County, N. J.; Fort Benton, Mont.; Columbus barracks, Ohio; 
Watertown arsenal, Mass., etc.; also Mare Island, Cal. 

2. “St.” will be used for Saint; but Fort and Mount will not be abbre¬ 
viated. 

3. Titles preceding names Avill be contracted uniformly, as Capt. Brown, 
Capt. F. W. Brown, Prof. Smith, Prof. C. Smith, gen., maj. gen., bvt. 
brig, gen., lieut. col., lieut., first lieut., second lieut., maj., capt., lieut 
commander, sergt., sergt. maj., corp., surg., adjt. gen., adjt., supt. 

4. President, commodore, commander, chaplain, private, governor, assist¬ 
ant, and admiral are not contracted. 

5. Mr., Mrs., Rev., and Dr. are always contracted when, preceding names; 
also Bro. and Bros, in firm names. 

6. In references to books, use p. and pp. for page and pages. 

7. Use “etc.” instead of “&c.” 

8. Use abbreviations U. S. in connection with Executive and other 
Departments, bureaus, Army and Navy organizations, and naval and other 
vessels of the Government, as U. S. Treasury Department, U. S. Senate, 
U. S. Supreme Court, U. S. circuit court, U. S. Pension Bureau, U. S. 
National Museum, U. S. Civil Service Commission, U. S. Army, U. S. Engi¬ 
neer Corps, Ninth U. S. Cavalry, U. S. Navy, U. S. Marine Corps, U. S. S. 
Eearsarge, U. S. gunboat Katahclin , etc. 


o 



9. Streets of the District of Columbia: Fifth street NW.; Massachusetts 
avenue NE. 

10. When compass directions are contracted use the forms NE., NNW., 
etc. 

11. Use F. for Fahrenheit and C. for centigrade when temperatures are 
given. 

12. PL and fig. will stand for plate and figure before numbers, as PI. vi, 
fig. 6. 

13. Abbreviations may be used for section, township, range, etc., thus: 
SE. iof sec. 5, T. 9 N., R. 2 E. 

14. Use loc. cit. for loco citato, sp. gr. for specific gravity, and sp. nov.. 
for species nova. 

15. In the metric system follow copy, and where contractions occur, use 
Roman lower-case letters. 

16. Omit period after “per cent” and “viz”. 

See also “Contractions” under Tabular Work, as well as the contrac¬ 
tions under Supreme Court Records and Court of Claims Decisions, 
Briefs, and Opinions. 

17. References to Congressional documents: House Ex. Doc. No. 6, Forty- 
seventh Congress, second session. Senate Mis. Doc. No. 10, Forty-sixth 
Congress, first session. 

18. .Use v. (versus) in all cases except “fol.” and “fol. lit.” 

19. Use cwt. for hundredweight. 


CAPITALIZATION. 

1. Use small caps for Roman numerals designating pages, chapters, 
articles, or plates when the type is larger than nonpareil; in nonpareil and 
smaller fonts, use caps. 

2. Use small caps for college degrees, viz, D. d., ph. d., ll. d., a. m., 
b. a., etc., except in signatures and addresses, where capitals will be used. 
Also use small-cap “r” in Sr. and Jr. in addresses and signatures. 

3. Capitalize “ Department” only when referring to an Executive Depart¬ 
ment, “Corps” when referring to the Corps of Engineers and Marine Corps, 
and “Bureau” referring to Pension Bureau, Bureau of Engraving and 
Printing, Bureau of Statistics, Bureau of Labor, Bureau of Navigation, 
Bureau of Yards and Docks, etc.; also capitalize “Survey” referring to the 
Geological Survey or Coast Survey, and “Service” referring to the Life- 
Saving Service, Marine-Hospital Service, Revenue-Cutter Service, Rev¬ 
enue-Marine Service, Signal Service, Internal-Revenue Service, Light- 
House Service, and Steamboat-Inspection Service. 

4. Capitalize the principal parliameutary bodies of nations and heads of 
governments: Parliament, House of Lords, House of Commons, the Lords, 
the Commons, the Reichstag, Rigsdag, Reichsrath, National Assembly, 
Corps L6gislatif, Bundesrath, Skupshtina, Cortes, etc.; President, King, 
Queen, Sultan, etc. 

5. In Mexican and Central and South American governments capitalize 
State, Republic, and President. 

6. Capitalize the following plural words: “Congresses ” referring to the 
U. S. Congress; “Departments” referring to the U. S. Executive Depart- 


7 


ments only; “ States ” referring to any geographical division or number of 
any of the United States; “ Territories ” referring to the U. S. Territories, 
and “Houses” referring to the U. S. Senate and House of Representatives; 
also capitalize the principal officers of both Houses, viz: President, Sec¬ 
retary, Chaplain, and Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate; Speaker, Clerk, 
Chaplain, Sergeant-at-Arms, and Doorkeeper of the House; also Architect 
of the Capitol. 

7. Capitalize all commissions and boards authorized by United States 
law when given in full, but lower-case “ commission,” “commissioner,” 
t( commissioners,” and “board” when standing alone, except when referring 
to the Interstate Commerce and Civil Service commissions and the District 
of Columbia Board of Commissioners. 

8. Where “government” is specific and refers to any nation, capitalize 
it; when general, or applied to dependent states, or used in the plural, 
lower-case it. This applies to “empire,” “kingdom,” and “state” when 
used in the sense of “government.” 

9. Revolutionary war, war of the Revolution, Mexican war, war of the 
rebellion, Fifth Congressional district, Caddo County or Parish, Franklin 
Township, Second ward, Territorial assembly, First precinct, Second elec¬ 
tion district, Fourth light-house district, Fourth district. 

10. Capitalize names of political parties : Republican, Democrats, Tories, 
Home-Rulers, Populists, People’s Party, Prohibition party, Prohibitionists, 
Farmers’ Alliance, Liberals, etc. 

11. Capitalize names of societies: Odd Fellows, B’nai B’rith, etc. 

12. Capitalize names of geological ages, eras, and periods. (See Int. 
Diet., p. 621.) 

13. Capitalize all designations in connection with caps or small caps, as 
Finding VI, Exhibit K, Statement B, Article iv, Art. v, Chapter ix, Chap, 
xi, Volume xx, Vol. x, Section vii, Sec. vi, etc.; but lower-case when used 
with figures, as chapter 10, volume 5, chap. 8, vol. 2, etc. 

Id. Capitalize the principal words in full titles of books, but do not quote. 
When referring to a subject in a book, quote, but capitalize only the first 
word. 

15. Capitalize Presidential, Congressional, Senatorial, and Territorial 
referring to the President, Congress, Senate, and a Territory of the United 
States. 

16. Capitalize titles of heads of Executive Departments and bureaus of 
the U. S. Government, but lower-case the same in foreign governments. 

17. Capitalize the following si>ecial words and phrases: Bowman Act, 
Tucker Act, Thurman Act, Supreme Court and Court of Claims (U. S.), 
Cherokee Outlet or Strip, Dominion and Governor-General of Canada, Cabi¬ 
net (U. S.), Crown (referring to Government), Board of General Appraisers, 
Army Gun Factory (U. S.), Dead-Letter Office, General or National Gov¬ 
ernment (U. S.); Federal where it refers to the U. S. Government in any 
sense; Head of the Passes, Pass, and Passes of the Mississippi River; 
National Guard, Deputy Commissioner of Pensions, Articles of War (title 
of book), Great Lakes; Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western, in con¬ 
nection with or in reference to geographical divisions of the United States; 
also the East, the West, etc., in the same connection; New York City, 
Public Land Strip (Ind. T.), Imperial or Royal Government; Home 
and Branch (singular or plural), Soldiers’ Home; Memorial or Decoration 
Day, Money-Order Office, Eastern or Western Continent or Hemisphere, 


8 


Old or New World, the Middle Ages, the Bible, the Scriptures, Major-Gen¬ 
eral Commanding the Army (U. S.), Senator, Representative, and Delegate, 
(U. S. Senate and H. R.). 

18. Capitalize generally as follows: Anchor Line, Upper or Lower Poto¬ 
mac (River); all organized or incorporated institutions, as Garfield Hos¬ 
pital, St. Ann's Infant Asylum, Central Bank, Columbia Law College, 
Chicago Board of Trade, Board of Trade of Chicago, Boston Merchants' 
Exchange, Merchants' Exchange of Boston; Army officer, Navy paymaster, 
Iowa Circle, Lafayette Square, Grant Place, Phillips Court, Baptist Church 
(denomination), Ascension Church, Wesley Chapel, Grand Army Place, 
Central Park, Pi-Ute Agency, Pah-Ute Reservation, Logan Building, But¬ 
ler School. 

19. Lower-case the words sound, gulf, etc., unless accompanied with 
proper name, as Long Island Sound, the sound; Gulf of Mexico, the gulf, 
etc.; also lower-case as follows: New York avenue, First street, Jackson 
alley, second article of war, assistant treasurer (U. S.), board of public 
works (Dist. Col.), administration (national or other), White lot, Mon¬ 
ument lot, Bennings road, Long bridge, Treasury building, regular Army, 
regular Navy, Baptist church (building), Ohio legislature, central Iowa, 
western Indiana, San Jose ranclio, Washington navy-yard, Albany peniten¬ 
tiary, District of Columbia jail; also lower-case all designations used in 
the plural not specified in paragraphs 6, 7, and 17, as Hudson and Potomac 
rivers, Essex and Suffolk counties, lakes Erie and Huron, etc. 

20. Signatures and addresses will be in caps and small caps, and cap¬ 
italize all principal words in lines connected with signatures and addresses. 


COMPOUNDING. 

1. In compounding words the International Dictionary will be followed 
as a rule, but attention is called to the following cases, which in some 
instances vary from that work : 

2. Where two words are used together to express one idea, the first word 
expressing the object of the action and the second word the actor or the 
action, the hyphen will be used: Brass-finislier, carriage-maker, cotton- 
grower, cigar-maker, safe-robber, wheat-growing, stock-raising. But fol¬ 
low the International where it makes one word of the two: Shoemaker, 
dressmaker, tyjmsetter, typewriter, lawmaker, storekeeper, bookbinder, 
bookkeeper, storekeeping, bookbinding, bookkeeping. 

3. The following words are so prominent in the work of this office that 
the usage of many years will be maintained, viz: Post-office, court-house, 
custom-house, light-house, navy-yard, consul-general, vice-consul; mili¬ 
tary and naval titles, as major-general, lieutenant-general, sergeant- 
maj or, quartermaster-sergeant, commissary-sergeant, orderly-sergeant, 
color-sergeant, color-corporal, lieutenant-commander, rear-admiral. 

4. Compound adjectives take the hyphen: A 2-foot rule, many-colored 
coat, light-armed soldier, asked-for opinion, fine-grained wood, liglit-green 
color. 

5. Compound the following: Mid-channel, double-loader, single-loader, 
pleuro-pneumonia, national-bank notes, 10-liorse power, 16-candle-ppwer 
light. 


9 


6. Fractions will be compounded as heretofore: One twenty-first, one- 
fifth. 

7. The words ivell, so, and ill are used as follows: He is an ill-tempered 
man; he is very ill tempered. Well-meant intentions; his intentions are 
well meant. His so-called poem; his poem (so called) is, etc. But generally 
adverbs are not compounded with adjectives which they qualify: A divinely 
inspired book. 

8. Follow style of compounding, etc., in the appended list of fishes 
and fishery appliances: 


ale wife 

amber-fisli 

angel-fish 

bag seine 

bass net 

bellows-fish 

black bass 

black-cod. 

blackfislx 

black perch 

blue crab 

bluefish 

boat fishermen 

boat-steerer 

bomb-gun 

bottom-feeding fish 

bowhead whale 

boxfisli 

brook trout 

buifalo-fish 

bullhead 

bull’s-eye mackerel 

buoy line 

butter-fislx 

candle-fish 

cat-boat 

catfish 

cigar-fish 

coast line 

codfish 

codfish fishery 
cod fishery 
cod fishing 
cod line 
crampfish 
crawfish 
crayfish 
crayfish pot 
cultus-cod 
cutting-in (of a 
whale) 
datefish 
dealfisli 
devil-fish 
dingey 
doctor-fish 
dogfish 
dollar-fish 
drag net 
drag seine 
drift net 
drumfish 


fat-head 

fiddler-crab 

finback whale 

fish-culture 

fish eggs 

fishing-camp 

fishing-ground 

fishing-place 

fish roe 

fisli-wheel 

flake-yard 

flatfish 

flying-fish 

food-fish 

frostfish 

garfish 

gill net 

gill-net fishing 

goldfish 

goosefish 

green crab 

greenfish 

ground line 

hagfish 

hair seal 

hand lance 

harbor porpoise 

harpoon gun 

hermit-crab 

hickory-jack 

hogfish 

hoop net 

horsefish 

horse-mackerel 

horseshoe-crab 

houndfish 

humpback whale 

jackfish 

jelly-fish 

jewfish 

Jonah-crab 

kelp-crab 

kelpfish 

kingfisli 

lady-crab 

lady-fish 

land-crab 

landlocked salmon 

live-car 

lobster pot 

lumpfish 

mollusk 


monkfish 
moonfisli 
mossbunker 
mud-crab 
mudfish 
muskellunge 
mussel-crab 
mutton-fish 
nigger-fish 
nursefisli 
oyster bed 
oyster-crab 
paddle-fish 
pan-fish 
parrot-fish 
peacock-fish 
pigfish 
pilot-fish 
pipefish 
purse seine 
ratfish 
red crab 
red-eye 
redfish 
red grouper 
red-horse 
red perch 
red snapper 
rock-bass 
rock-cod 
rock-crab 
rockfish 
rock-lobster 
rose-fish 
round fish 
rowboat 
rudder-fish 
salmon canning 
salmon-canning in¬ 
dustry 
salmon trout 
sand-crab 
sawfish 
scallop 
sea bass 
sea-cucumber 
sea-horse 
seal oil 
seal skin 
sea moss 
sea mullet 


sea-urchin 
seaweed 
seine-haul 
seine-reach 
set net 
sheat-fish 
sheepshead 
shellfish 
shore-crab 
skipjack 
smelt net 
snake-fish 
snapping mackerel 
soft crab 
Spanish mackerel 
spearfish 
spider-crab 
squeteague 
squirrel-fish 
starfish 
steelhead 
stingray 
stone-crab 
striped bass 
s u lphur-bo ttom 
whale 
sunfish 
swoi’dfisli 
tautog 
threadfish 
tilefish 
toadfish 
tomcod 
trammel net 
trawl basket 
trawling-ground 
treefish 
trigger-fish 
trumpet-fish 
t r y i n g- - o u t (of a 
whale) 
try-work s 
tub fish 
weakfish 
whaleboat 
whalebone 
whale line 
whistling buoy 
whitefisn 
wolf-fish 
yellow-tail 


COURT WORK. 

COURT OF CLAIMS OPINIONS, BRIEFS, ANI) DECISIONS. 

1. In tlie case of The United Slates v. Union Pacific Railroad Company 
(99 U. S., 22), the court 

2. In the case of United States v. The Union Pacific Railroad Company 
(99 U. S., 33), the court 


/ 


10 


3. ( The United States v. Union Pacific B. R. Co.) 

4. ( United States v. The Union Pacific B. B. Co.) 

5. In Taylor’s Case (16 C. Cls. R., 14) the claimant. ( Taylor’s Case, 16 C. 
Cls. R., 14.) 

6. In Taylor v. Smith the court held 

7. Edwards’s Lessee v. Darby (12 Wheat., 210) 

8. Legal-Tender Case (110 U. S., 334) 

9. {Exparte Robinson, 19 Wall., 304.) 

10. In Taylor’s Case the court say; in the case of Taylor there was 

11. In the case of Payne (7 U. S., 252) 

12. By the Act of March 3, 1881, chapter 34, section 4 (Rev. Stat., § 33), 

13. Bowman Act (22 Stat. L., ch. 4, § 9, p. 284); the Bowman Act was re¬ 
ferred to. 

14. Act 5th August, 1882 (Supp. Rev. Stat., 284; Stat. L., 84). 

15. In the petition (Rec., p. 7) there is 

16. In the record (p. 7; Test., p. 7; Ev., p. 7; Rec., p. 9; q. 7; c. q. 7; 
int. 7; c. int. 7; qq. 6-9; c. qq. 7-9; ints., 9, 10). 

17. Finding VI—the sixth finding; section 6—the sixth section. 

18. In Court of Claims records use figures in all enumerations of per¬ 
sons, things, and dates, excepting length of time, even where copy is 
marked “fol.” Excepting in these instances, “fol.” copy will be re¬ 
spected as usual. These rules do not apply to briefs or opinions. 

19. Omit quotation marks for exhibits in all cases except “ fol. lit. ” 

20. “United States” to be used in the singular number where practi¬ 
cable. 

21. In Court of Claims records, where questions are numbered, let the 
number precede the question: 23. Question. 

22. Spell out Question and Answer and make separate paragraphs. 

23. Where the title of the case is braced to the left, the rule is to have 
the braced portion occupy two-thirds of the line; but this may be varied 
from to avoid bad divisions or where there is but little matter inside the 
brace. 

24. Make sentences of citations, excepting (p. 84) or (pp. 90-95). 

See also Follow and Fol. lit. 


SUPREME COURT RECORDS. 


24. X Int. 

X Int. 1. 

X 20. 

24. X. 

24. Q. 

24. Question. 


X Q. 1. 

24. Int. 

1. XQ. 

X Ques. 1. 

1. Add. Direct. 

2. R. D.Q. 


3. Re D. Q. 

4. R.X.Q. 

Re X Q. 1. 

R. X Int. 1. 

5. Re X Q. 

24tli. Cross-ques. 


4Gth. Cross-int. 

46. Cross-int. 

46. Cross-ques. 

46. C. Int. 

46th. C. Int. 

Answer to Cross-int. 1. 


1. Follow copy literally except italics, capitalization, and punctuation. 

2. Make paragraphs of answers in Q. and A. matter. 

3. Use apostrophes in unusual abbreviations, such as Feb’y, c’t, etc.; 
but in well-established abbreviations use the period, as Mr., deft., plff. 

4. Many words, although not spelled according to Webster, if sanctioned 
by other authorities, are well enough without italic letters. 

5. Italics should not be used to indicate errors of syntax or errors of 
orthography in foreign languages, except in law terms, as fiuri fecias; 


11 


nor, as a general rule, should italics be used in variations of orthography 
of proper names of persons or places. 

6. Where the name of a corporation occurs beginning with the word 
“the” use a cap. T only, thus: the said The B. & O. R. R. Co.; The Sun v. 
The Globe; The City of Washington v. The B. & O. R. R. Co.; the defend¬ 
ant The Davies County Bank. 

7. Errors in italic will be indicated by Roman letters, thus : Jiere fecias, 
conplaineants. 

See also Follow and Fol. lit. 


USE OF FIGURES. 

1. The enumeration of votes, ballots, voters, etc., as 75 votes, 50 ballots, 
40 voters, 300 Democrats, or where the number refers to any of the above, 
will be expressed in figures. 

2. Enumeration of persons and population of cities, towns, etc., in fig¬ 
ures, as— 

Q. How many were there in the crowd?—A. There were 30 or 40 persons. 

Q. What is the population of Danville?—A. It is about 15,000. 

3. Distances, clock time, weights, measures, dimensions, numbers, 
amounts, quantities, percentage, money, and age will be expressed in 
figures. 

4. Use the decimal notation for fractions when proper and convenient. 

5. In straight matter and reading columns of tables, where decimal frac¬ 
tions occur without a unit put a cipher in the unit’s place: 0‘38. But a 
•38-caliber revolver. 

6. When figures are used to express the time of day, use the colon to 
separate the hours and minutes: It was 5:30 p. m. 

7. Use turned periods before decimal fractions in all cases excepting 
dollars and cents. 

8. Degrees of arc and temperature will be expressed in figures: Angle 
of 45 c , latitude 39°, longitude 75°, polarizing 87° (sugar), dip of strata 
6°, 46° above zero; but spell forty-fifth degree, etc., always. 

9. Omit the comma in serial numbers: No. 165473. 

10. Use inferior instead of superior figures in all chemical symbols, and 
omit spaces between the letters and signs. 

11. Use superior figures in connection with reference letters, as A 1 , A 2 , 
a 1 , a 2 . 

12. In indexes where the figures extend inside of the figure column into 
the leader line, use an en quad before the first figure. 

13. Where degree and other marks occur with whole numbers and deci¬ 
mals place them after the decimals, as 14 - 25°, 13*9', IS'4”. 

See also paragraph 13, Abbreviations. 

SPELL— 

1. Length of time: It lasted fifteen years; we were three days on the 
way; four hours and ten minutes. 


12 


2. Sums larger than 1,000, if spelled, are expressed thus: One thousand 
eight hundred and fifty; but A. D. eighteen hundred and fifty. 

3. When beginning a sentence: Five million dollars’ worth. In other 
cases, $5,000,000 worth. 

4. All amounts beginning sentences or paragraphs. 

5. N umbered streets of all cities, excepting in tabular matter. 

6. Regimental numbers of U. S. regular or volunteer Army, as Eighth 
Infantry, One hundred and ninth Ohio Regiment, Third Massachusetts 
Cavalry. 

But see “Figures in reading columns” under Tabular Work. 


FOLLOW—FOL. LIT. 

1. Copy marked “Fol.” means to follow figures, italics, abbreviations, 
idiomatic words- and expressions, Ac. or etc., but not capitalization or 
punctuation, and the exceptions are: (1) Always spell out the &excej>t in 
firm names; (2) always spell out the % mark; (3) always use “at” or 
“to,” as the case may be, instead of the commercial <a). All orthography 
in “fol.” matter is good that has the sanction of any dictionary. Follow 
copy as to italics, subject to rules herein given. 

2. Copy marked “Fol. lit.” means follow everything—caps, punctua¬ 
tion, and contractions. * 


GEOGRAPHIC NAMES. 

1. Follow bulletins of the Board on Geographic Name*. 

2. The possessive apostrophe will be dropped. 

3. The final “h”will be dropped from namesending in “burgh”: Pitts¬ 
burg, not Pittsburgh. 

4. In names ending in “borough” the termination will be contracted to 
“boro”: Boonsboro, not Boonsborough. 

5. Geographic names will not be compounded: Alluwe, not Al-lu-we. 

6. Omit “C. II.” as part of the names of county seats: Fairfax, not Fair¬ 
fax C. H. 

7. Where a name or part of a name, spell Center, not Centre. 

8. Do not use accented letters in geographic names. 

But see paragraph 4, Orthography. 


ITALICS. 

1. Names of vessels, except in tabular matter and in lists set in columns. 

2. The words See, See also, But see, etc., generally used in indexes, cita¬ 
tions, etc. 

3. Italic will not be followed in general work unless instructions to that- 
effect are given. 


13 


4. The following foreign words 


ad captandum 

del credere 

ad interim 

de novo 

ad infinitum 

duces tecum 

ad libitum 

61ite 

a fortiori 

et al. 

aliunde 

ex officio 

alma mater 

ex parte 

amende honorable 

ex post facto 

amicus curiae 

ex rel. 

a priori 

falsi crimen 

avant-coureur 

feme covert 

casus belli 

feme sole 

chic 

femme couverte 

coram non judice 

femme sole 

corpus delicti 

functus officio 

coup d’6tat 

garcon 

coup de grfice 

ibid. 

coup de main 

id. 

de bonis non 

idem 

de facto 

ignis fatuus 

dejure 

ignes fatui 


5. The following foreign words 


to he italicized: 


in extenso 

proeds-verbal 

infra 

projet 

in statu quo 

pro tempore 

inter alia 

rationale 

in toto 

res judicata 

in transitu 

sic 

juste milieu 

sine die 

loc. cit. 

soi-disant 

malum in se 

sotto voce 

malum prohibitum 

sub judice 

materiel 

supra 

morale 

tabula rasa 

n6e 

terra incognita 

nem. con. 

tout ensemble 

non constat 

ultima ratio 

non obstante 

ultima thule 

op. cit. 

vice versa 

passim 

vide 

peculium 

viva voce 

postea 

post liminium 

vraisemblance 


to be in Roman: 


addendum 

ad valorem 

alias 

alibi 

alumni 

animus 

ante 

artiste 

assumpsit 

bagatelle 

belles-lettres 

bijou 

billet-doux 

bizarre 

bona tide 

canaille 

canyon 

capias 

certiorari 

charg*} d’affaires 

coterie 


crevasse 

data 

datum 

debris 

d6tour 

devoir 

dilettante 

dilettanti 

diluvion 

diluvium 

dramatis persona? 

6clat 

e. g. 

employ^ 
en masse 
ennui 
en route 
entree 
entrepot 
exequatur 
expose 


faubourg 

fete 

feuilleton 
fieri facias 
tieur de lis 
habeas corpus 
hacienda 
i. e. 

in banc 
in situ 

Magna Chart a 
mandamus 
mittimus 
nisi prius 
nolle prosequi 
oyer and terminer 
papier m&eh6 
per capita 
per diem 
personnel 


posse comitatus 

post-mortem 

prima facie • 

pro forma 

pro rata 

protf»g6 

quasi 

regime 

resume 

role 

role d'equipage 

sans-culotte 

seriatim 

sobriquet 

subptena 

supersedeas 

via 

venire 
venire facias 
verbatim 


TABULAR WORK. 

Box heads .—Box heads should he run across whenever practicable; if it 
is necessary to run them up, reduce to the minimum depth. In boxes of 
two or more lines run across, or where two or more boxes occur in the 
same head, use en quads above and below the largest number of lines; 
and in boxes of 3 lines or more over reading columns or over several figure 
columns, and in all heads of 3 lines or more run up, use hanging indention. 
In all other cases center the lines, the exception being, of course, a 2-line 
box, where the first line is generally full. 

Contractions .—In columns of names of persons, follow contractions of 
given names, and to avoid overruns the regular contractions can be used 
for such names as William and Charles. Use “Co.” for u Company” where 
the name of the company is given. Use “R. R.” or “Rwy.” for railroad 
or railway company where the name of the railroad or railway is given, 
and use Bro. and Bros, in firm names. Contract names of months when¬ 
ever the day of the month is given, excepting in first columns consisting 
of dates only, which may, however, be contracted to save overruns. All 
other well-known contractions can be used to save overruns. 




14 


Use of “dittoes.” —Ditto whenever it can properly be done, and ditto 
under blank spaces in all cases excepting center beads, but never ditto 
under leaders. In columns less than 6 ems wide indent the “do. ’ 1+ ems; 
in columns of 6 ems and less than 12, indent 2 ems; 12 ems or over, indent 
3 ems. But in first columns, where flush headings are used with inden¬ 
tions under them, proportionate allowance must be made for those inden¬ 
tions, which will generally he indicated by the copy editors. 

Seven-em date columns. —In 7-em date columns, hear off 3-em space from 
rules, use en commas only after day of month, and put remaining space 
between month and day; also ditto in 7-em date columns. Date columns, 
however, are not classified ns reading columns. 

Leading from top or bottom lines. —Where there is only one reading col¬ 
umn, lead from the bottom; if more than one, from the top. In parallel 
tables, where the lines are numbered on the outside of each page, lead 
from the top. Where the last word in a leader line runs close to the rule, 
use en leader if space permits; if not, use a thin space, but never use a 
full point, excepting where a reference mark follows an abbreviation. 

Figures in reading columns. —Numerical expressions in reading columns 
should be expressed in figures, even at the beginning of the sentence: 155 
days from Dec. 1; trains 3 times a day. 

Figures from or against rules. —In figure columns, bear off from the rules 
on the right if the space will allow, but avoid, if possible, touching the 
rules ou the left. If found necessary to set the figures in one column 
against the rule do the same with the remaining columns of the table. 
Fractions to be set against rule, unless otherwise indicated. 

Decimals. —In columns of figures containing decimals omit the point 
and ciphers where no decimal occurs. This rule not to apply to money 
columns consisting of dollars and cents, where the point and ciphers are 
always to be used. 

Dollar mark. —Repeat dollar mark under rules in continuous tables, also 
in leader work where center heads occur, indicating a separate or inde¬ 
pendent statement; but in statements where the figures are continuous, 
or amounts added to make a general aggregate, do not repeat the dollar 
mark, even where center heads occur. 

Parallel dashes. —Use parallel dashes in figure columns in all cases where 
necessary to cut oft’ from figures following. This rule to apply also to 
leader work. 

Tables in rules. —In tables inclosed in rules, where the first column con¬ 
sists of figures, do not use leaders. This rule not to apply to full-measure 
tables where the first column is necessarily wide. 

Full point in leader lines. —Use full point between abbreviation and refer¬ 
ence mark in leader lines, as Boston, Mass, t. 

Blanks for center heads. —Use full blank line above and below all center 
• heads, excepting where leaders run back far enough to clear the head, in 
which case omit blank below. 

Plus and minus marks. —Plus and minus marks in figure columns to be set 
close to figures, excepting in publications of the Nautical Almanac Office 
and Naval Observatory. 

Dates and figures in reading columns. —Do not range dates or figures in 
first or reading columns, unless figures are added up to make a total. 
This rule to apply also to leader work. 



15 

En-quadded tables. —Use en quads in run-overs in en-quadded tables. 
Box beads solid. 

Reference marks. —Set off all reference marks a 5-em space from words 
or figures. 

Words in figure columns. —Range all words occurring in figure columns 
one en from rule on right; also capitalize and use full point. 

Indention from rules. —An indention from a rule means so many ems in 
addition to the en quad used for bearing off. 

Word “number.” —Spell the word “number,” referring to quantity or 
things, in box heads, where possible. When necessary to abbreviate or 
used in connection with serial figures, use the form “No.” 

Flush and sub heads. —Use colons after flush heads and em dashes after 
subheads. 

Abbreviations. —Use the following forms of abbreviations: Dolls., galls., 
lbs., oz., bbls., ewt., yds., ft., in. (inches), doz., bush., M, sq. feet, M feet, 
cub. feet. 

Example of style. —Observe style of the following example: 

Potatoes.bush.. 500 

Wheat, corn, barley, oats, 
bushels. 900 


Leader work. —Leader work is not classified as “tabular” work. 
Continued heads. —Continued heads over tables will be condensed into 
one line where possible. 

GENERAL TESTIMONY. 

1. Contract the first Q. and A. as well as the following ones. 

2. When Q. and A. are used, the question and answer together form one 
paragraph. 

3. The Chairman (to Mr. Smith). 

4. Mr. Kelley (to the chairman). 

5. The Witness. He did it that way [indicating]. 

6. Q. (By Mr. Smith.) Do you know these men [handing witness a list]?— 
A. (After examining list.) Yes; Ido. 

7. Q. (Continuing.)—A. (Reads:) 

8. Question (continuing).—Answer (reads): 

9. A. (Interrupting.) 

10. Answer (interrupting). 

11. (Counsel objects to its admission.) 

See also Follow and Fol. lit. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

1. Use spaces in place of hyphens in Indian names. 

2. Treat all side and cut-in notes as paragraphs. 

3. Observe the following examples of punctuation: W. M. Mitchell, 

being sworn and examined, on oath deposes and says: Isaac Fuller, 

sworn, and testified as follows: Zidon E. Ross, sworn and examined. 






16 


Colonel Seventh Cavalry. Captain, Seventh Cavalry. Respectfully, 
yours, Yours, respectfully, Congressional, No. 25. Record, case 
No. 384. Term No., 625. Indian Depredations, No. 25. Indian 
depredation case No. 625. French Spoliations, No. 18. first session 
Fifty-third Congress* Jones & Co., Limited. 

Have you any interest in this case ? If so, what ? 

Have you any.interest in this case? If so, state what. 

Have you any interest iu this case; and, if so, what? 

Have you any interest in this case? And, if so, state what. 

4. In lines of stars use 2 ems at either end; remaining space to be 
divided equally between stars. 

5. Use the following forms of words: O K (no points); taggers tin; 
feet, B. M.; Anderson & Co.’s invoice; 5 by (not x) 10 inches; by day 
labor; 4 percents; quartermaster stores; cannot; waterway (in all cases 
except fol. lit.); missfire; cattleman; riverman; waterworks; one-fourth 
(where £ is marked “ spell” in copy). 

6. Avoid 2-letter divisions in octavo and wider measures; also in nar¬ 
rower measures where possible. 

7. Use en quads in cap and small-cap lines, also in addresses and signa¬ 
tures, and a proportionate increase of space in heads of black or extended 
type. 

8. In illustrating certain shapes or forms, use Gothic letters. 








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